After the students have learned about these different steps in detail, they then apply this knowledge to an exercise. The interactive interpretation seismic workstations are valuable tools for efficiently performing interpretation of large volumes of 3d seismic data. Pdf 3d seismic processing and interpretation from 2d seismic. Seismic monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs by using timelapsed 3d surveys has come to be called the 4d seismic method 4d seismic method. Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and p s 3d seismic data submitted by glenn allen larson in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of master of science. Seismic hydrocarbon exploration 2d and 3d techniques. People often use specialized software for this task, as the process requires a lot of math and the careful construction and interpretation of data. While modern multichannel data have increased the quantity and quality of interpretable data, proper interpretation still requires that the interpreter draw upon his or her geological understanding to pick the most likely interpretation from the many. A global approach in seismic interpretation based on cost function minimization fabien pauget, sebastien lacaze and thomas valding, eliis summary the method presented in this paper is a novel approach for geological modelling from 3d seismic seismic data. Seismic interpretation report post peejay 2d 3d seismic surveys t39p, bass basin, offshore northern tasmania march, 2007 introduction this interpretation report provides documentation of the seismic interpretation conducted in t39p and has been. Simply defined, seismic interpretation is the science and art of inferring the geology at some depth from the processed seismic record. Lapse seismic reservoir monitoring of african reservoirs. Processing and interpretation pseudo3d seismic survey from new zealand of a new zealand, in a. Threedimensional seismic interpretation is not just dense 2d seismic interpretation.
Impact of 3d seismic on structural interpretation at prospect cougar by c j mccarthy and p w bilinski. Seismic interpretation and depth conversion of the. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Petrel seismic interpretation enables basin, prospect, and fieldscale 2d and 3d seismic interpretation and mapping. Perform a combined stratigraphic and structural seismic interpretation. Seismic 2d reflection processing and interpretation of. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and mapmaking.
I chose it as a reference text, before returning to work as a geophysicist. The parameterization of the seismic data is based on the interpreted faults and main stratigraphic events, and. Geological image which we can build on an oil reservoir plays an important role during its production life, from appraisal phase seismic works, exploration wells, appraisal wells to the last stage of reservoir production. It is not required to interpret faults on all in and crosslines, but you should show in one or two figures the main fault patterns vertical, horizontal, horizon slices. Fault images we created a synthetic 3d seismic image figure 3 with normal, reverse, and intersecting faults to illustrate our 3d seismic image processing for 1 computing images of fault likelihood, strike, and dip, 2 constructing fault samples from thinned fault images.
Introduction to 2d3d seismic data acquisition and processing. In this study, the structural system, and the seismic interpretation of middle cretaceous in jk field in southeast muglad basin were interpreted using 3d seismic data volume, well logs, and seismic attributes. They should also be able to calculate volumes and understand the principles of risking prospects. Their ability to organise and manipulate large quantities of data in a convenient and efficient manner permits faster and more meaningful interpretations. Seismic interpretation an overview sciencedirect topics. Robert stewart, department of geology and geophysics. Reflection seismic imaging uses reflected energy to construct an image of the subsurface to investigate the underlying structure and stratigraphy.
Introduction to seismic interpretation rps training. Structural and stratigraphic 3d seismic interpretation of. Innovative petrotech solutions, inc principles of 3d seismic interpretation and applications instructor. Seismic interpretation, whether for hydrocarbon exploration or geotechnical studies, is the determination of the geological significance of seismic data. In 2d seismic data processing, traces are collected into commonmidpoint cmp gathers to create a cmp stack. The procedure followed was the interpretation of seismic lines and cross lines across the mc area, producing a seismic map view grid with the top and base of salt interpreted, being this structure the prevailing one in the subdivision. The seismic interpretation has been undertaken on various 2d seismic. Acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and ps 3.
Seismic interpretation report post peejay 2d3d seismic surveys t39p, bass basin, offshore northern tasmania march, 2007 introduction this interpretation report provides documentation of the seismic interpretation conducted in t39p and has been. They will be able to perform regional seismic mapping in addition to detailed seismic prospect evaluation. Bayou corne 3d 20 summary of key findings excellent seismic images provided by new 3d are much better than 2007 legend seismic data og 3 collapse zone limited to small area at depth and small vertical riser along outside of. This book presents the essential principles and applications of seismic oilexploration techniques. The basic principles of 2d seismic data processing still apply to 3d processing. A geological interpretation of 3d seismic data of a salt. The seismic data that was used to constrain the modelling could be interpreted with increased. The integrated interpretation and modelling method involves the following stages. Seismic data interpretation for reservoir boundaries parameters and characterization by w l abriel.
First described in the literature 25 years ago walton. Application in environmentally sensitive areas of the neuquen basin, argentina. Seismic interpretation of the top and base dinantian. Pdf 2d and 3d seismic data have emerged as a key tool in the oil and gas industry to. Although it is certainly possible to interpret the 3d seismic volume as a dense 2d grid in fact, some early interactive interpretation systems actually encouraged this, this is neither an effective nor an efficient approach to the interpretation. This paper presents a new way of flattening the seismic in 3d using a new spacetime framework. While modern multichannel data have increased the quantity and quality of interpretable data, proper interpretation still requires that the interpreter draw upon his or her geological understanding to pick the most likely interpretation from the. The results demonstrate that seismic measurements intended for refraction interpretation can also be successfully processed using reflection seismic processing methods.
With their knowledge and application, the students should be able to generate a geologica. Principles of 3d seismic interpretation and applications. This course discusses the seismic principles necessary for understanding the concepts of seismic data acquisition and processing. This book introduces geophysicists and geologists to the techni. Topic 1 opening session surveys presentation of the barents sea 3d seismic block and training objectives. Advanced seismic interpretation is a course designed for graduate students. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d seismic data find, read and cite all. The example in figure 1 shows a no reflection zone on the 2d migrated section, while the same zone contains a series of continuous reflections on the 3d migrated section that are easily correlated with reflections outside that zone. Nov 24, 2014 the seismic tool must provide a cost efficient alternative to additional drilling. Unlike traditional seismic interpretation based on labour intensive.
The task of interpreting seismic data requires a broad range of skills and knowledge that must tie information at the basin scale to the prospect and wellbore scale. Well data required for interpretation are wireline logs gamma ray logs, resistivity logs, porosity log, sonic logs, density logs and neutron logs or equivalent rock property model, check shot data. After 3d migration, a 3d data volume is suitable for derivation of the 3d subsurface geological model. Users can work with thousands of 2d lines, thousands of kilometers, and multiple 3d vintages and surveysacross multiple coordinate systems with very high visualization performance gpu based. Well data are gotten from rock samples and measurements at depth from a wellbore. We firmly believe that the best structural work is done more intuitively in a 3dimensional workspace but we also understand that the systematic, sectionbysection approach is still a useful. The role of 4d seismic interpretation and dynamic modelling in the successful drilling of a late stage development well in the west brae field, north sea. We firmly believe that the best structural work is done more intuitively in a 3dimensional workspace but we also understand that the systematic, sectionbysection. Apr 14, 2020 3d seismic interpretation is a form of seismic interpretation which relies on the use of 3d surveys which provide visualizations of structures in three dimensions.
It is rare that the correctness or incorrectness of an interpretation can be ascertained, because the actual geology is rarely known in enough detail. Threedimensional migration often produces surprisingly different sections from 2d migrated sections see seismic migration. Pdf pros and cons of 2d vs 3d seismic mineral exploration. Pdf 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an.
In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3d survey makes it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data, 7th. Phase 1 5120 5312015 study included the following objectives. The value of 3d seismic in todays exploration environment in canada and around the world cooper, n. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d. Pros and cons of 2d vs 3d seismic mineral exploration surveys. You try and make sure that the places where you send the sh.
Conceived in 1979 and first published in 1986, the book helps geoscientists extract more information from their seismic data and improve the quality of. Generate a random line along the 2d seismic line sg8043402 and compare the 3d and 2d data. Introduction to 2d 3d seismic data acquisition and processing for nongeophysicists by k. Intermediateadvanced course description this course delivers techniques related to practical analysis and interpretation of 3d seismic. To acquire skills in interpretation of 3d seismic data to enhance theoretical knowledge of seismic structural interpretation, stratigraphic interpretation, reservoir identification and evaluation, and horizon and formation attributes. Because of the completeness of data within that volume, the interpreter has more information than he would from the analysis of a 2d seismic data set. T7 provides a rich mix of traditional and more innovative methods of seismic interpretation in 2dimensional and 3dimensional contexts. Interpreting 2d seismic with the assistance of falcon. It concisely covers all stages in exploration activities data field acquisition, data processing and interpretation, supplementing the main text with a wealth of 350 illustrations and. Acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and ps. Gcpitfalls in 3d seismic interpretation by alistair r. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d seismic data.
Pdf 2d and 3d seismic simulation for fault modeling. This lesson defines and describes the steps utilized in seismic interpretation. With their knowledge and application, the students should be able to generate a geologica framework. Multicomponent 3d seismic interpretation of the marcellus. The students should be able to use a seismic interpretation software for 2d and 3d seismic.
In oil and gas applications, 3d seismic exploration is a mature technology that has profoundly influenced all aspects of exploration and development. Pdf 3d seismic interpretation and forward modelingan. Increasing number of active geophones and shots, and line density, would enhance reliability of the reflections. In every country where the author has consulted 18 countries on 6 continents, 3d techniques are either being used or are under serious consideration. A seismic interpretation study should access the following data sets 2d or 3d seismic data cube. Focus on the interpretation of the fault pattern in the fault block. In 2d seismic surveying you lay the seismic detectors out in a straight line or as close as you can get and then send shockwaves into the ground, to record the echoes that come back. The main use of seismic attributes was to create an intuitive display that.
For david and samantha and to the memory of ruben liner, sr. How is a 2d seismic survey different from a 3d seismic. Objective the integrated microseismic and 3d seismic studies were funded in two phases. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data is the definitive, and now classic, text on the subject. The marcellus formation is a black shale that contains one of the worlds largest unconventional tight gas plays. A 2d survey typically contains numerous lines acquired orthogonally to the strike of geological structures such as faults and folds with a minimum of lines acquired parallel to geological structures to allow linetoline tying of the seismic data. Result the result of this interpretation and modelling is an improved understanding of the 3d structure, stratigraphy and tectonosedimentary evolution of the basin. Due to known drilling risks in this area in the vicinity of faults, the client was also in need of better trap delineation in order to plan.
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